Note making

Note-making - 5 marks

नोट बनाने का अर्थ है कि दिए हुए passage को स्पष्ट व संक्षिप्त रूप में प्रस्तुत करना ताकि उसे समझने में आसानी हो व समय की बचत हो। किसी लम्बे अनुच्छेद को याद रखने के लिए नोट बनाये जाते हैं। नोट बनाने का कोई hard and fast rule  नही है। जिस प्रकार इतिहास या राजनीतिक शास्त्र विषय में लम्बे व विस्तृत अध्यायों को याद रखने के लिए heading बनाए जाते हैं उसी प्रकार English के बड़े अनुच्छेदों को याद रखने के लिए तथा उन्हें समझने के लिए note बनाए जाते हैं।

Note बनाते समय निम्नलिखित बातों का ध्यान रखें।
1. Notes संक्षिप्त हों।
2. Passage में किसी बात को समझाने के लिए दिए गए उदाहरणों को notes में शामिल न करें।
3. Notes मेंं passage का सार सार ही लिखें।
4. Passage को बार बार पढकर उसका उपयुक्त शीर्षक दें। यदि किसी passage में अधिक paragraph हैं तो हर paragraph का एक sub-title दिया जा सकता है। फिर उसके sub-points दिए जा सकते हैं।
5. Abbreviation का प्रयोग करें व उन्हेंं bracket / box  मेंं बन्द करें।
6. आप सुविधानुसार अपने abbreviation का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। इसमेंं कोई निर्धारित नियम नही है।
7. केवल आवश्यक abbreviations का प्रयोग करें।
8.  Note बनाते समय ध्यान रखें कि पूरा वाक्य न लिखा जाए। केवल शब्द समूहों का ही प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।
9. Passage में दिए गए तथ्यों को सारणी-बद्ध रूप मे ंं प्रस्तुत करें।

अभ्यास:-

Passage 1.

Read the passage and make notes. Also give a suitable Heading.

1. The most frightening(भयानक) aspect (पहलू) of malnutrition(कुपोषण) is that it is likely to cause permanent damage(क्षति) to the brain. Experiments carried out ( कार्यान्वित किए गए) on animals suggest that brain damage due to malnutrition is irreversible ( जिसे रोका न जा सके). This may note be true of human beings.

2. Nevertheless, (फिर भी) known facts as well as results of tests conducted so far point to alarming conclusions. The human brain grows very fast. Three months before its birth, the child's brain weighs one fourth of the adult's brain. In one year, the brain of a child is already 66 percent of the weight of the adult brain. At four year, the brain weighs 90 percent and at eight, the child's brain is the size of an adult's and there is no further increase. Quite obviously,(स्पष्ट रूप से) the first four years are crucial (important) for development of the brain. And if the child suffers from malnutrition, the damage to the brain may well be permanent.

3. Fortunately,( सौभाग्य से) and thanks to the research carried out by scientist in India and abroad (विदेश) and systematic attempts made by the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad,to analyse the cause of malnutrition in this country,one need not wait for years to solve at least some aspects of the problem.
4. For instance, it was found that the addition of iodine in the lake-water salt consumed in the sub-Himalayan region(क्षैत्र) would go a long way in controlling goitre ( घेंघा, a swelling in the front of the throat) . Again, experiments made by the Institute reveal,(प्रकट करना) that inexpensive ( सस्ती) green leafy vegetables are good alternative (विकल्प) to eggs and butter as a rich source of Vitamin A.

5. The Institute has also carried out considerable research into fortification, किलाबन्दी करना, किसी अन्य तत्व को मिलाने से सुधार लाना) of various foods. Modern bread is a case in point. But since the bread is beyond the means of the poor, the Institute has found some items of mass consumption ( उपभोग) which can be strengthened(मजबूत बनाना) with certain proteins and amino acids. Fortification of common salt is considered the most promising possibility.

Notes:-
A) Most frtng. aspect of mlntrsn.
   !) Prmnt dmg of br.
   !!) Dmg irreversible
B) grth of human br.- amazing factors:-
    !) 3 mnth before brth- weight 1/4 of           adult's br.
   !!) 1 yr.- 66 % of adult's br.
   !!!) 4 yr. -90 % of adult's br.
   iv)  8 yr. - full grth/ no further increase.
     v) frst 4 yr. crucial for dvlpmnt.
C) Upshot of research carried out by scientists in India and abroad:-
i)  addition of Iodine in lake water salt controls goitre
ii) leafy vgtbls good alternative to egg.
Iii) frtfction of various foods with prtns and amino acids reduce mlntrsn.

Heading of the passage:- Malnutrition- causes, impact and remedies

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Abbreviations-

frtng- frightening
mlntrsn- malnutrition
prmnt- permanent
dmg- damage
grth - growth
mnth- month
br. - brain
yr.- year
dvlpmnt- development
vgtbls- vegetables
frtfction- fortification.
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Note- best way to make abbreviations is to use only consonants from the spelling of a word.

We must remember that rules of grammar are not followed while making notes.

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   Passage 2 

Read the passage carefully and make notes.

Whether the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 will prove a mile stone for the coming generations of new India or not is a burning question today. It is supposed to be pro-employment as it is based on skill development. It lays emphasis on utility and practicability. The present education policy which came into existence in 1986 was also claimed to create employment  and to make students more prone to science and technology . Vocationalisation  of education was the core issue of this policy. Thousands of vocational institutions and Industrial Training Institutes were opened to attain the desired goals. Hundreds of Poly technique institutions, IITs, IIITs , IIMs  and AIIMS were opened in order to create more jobs in public sector. The policy might have proved successful to some extent but still it could not fulfill the needs of growing India in the hours of globalisation. So the need for new education policy was felt by the think tanks of the country and the draft for  NEP 2020 was visualised . As a result , NEP came into existence. It claims  to produce a sea change in the present  education system. It is more centred to school education, especially Primary Education. As per new education policy 2020 , three years of pre-primary education has been incorporated which  promotes learning by playing technique. A kid of three years age can be enrolled for pre-primary class. The students in pre-primary classes need not  carry books or bags. It is based on oral learning. It will be helpful for the poor people who go on work for daily wages leaving behind their kids with their bigger sons or daughters whom they keep away from school only to look after their younger brothers or sisters. The concept of pre-primary education will prove beneficial at two levels for parents. First, they need not to worry