HORN BILL All lessons ( for 11th class) (Notes by Baljit Singh)

#Stay home, stay safe.

Self reliant India, strong India 

(आत्मनिर्भर भारत, मजबूत भारत।)

Boycott Chinese Products.

( चीनी वस्तुओं का बहिष्कार करें।)

         THE PORTRAIT OF A LADY

                       By

        (Khushwant Singh)

Textual Questions and Answers

( Notes by Baljit Singh)

Q1. Mention three phases of the author's relationship with his grandmother before he left the country to study abroad.

Ans. i). Author's first phase of relationship with his grandmother was very innocent and pure. His parents had shifted to city leaving him behind with his grandmother. She bathed him, prepared food for him and went to school with him. While he learnt alphabets in the school , she read scriptures in the temple. She also helped the writer to prepare his lessons.
ii) His second phase of relationship was not as innocent as his first one. The writer was called by his parents in the city. Now he went to school in a motor bus. So his grandmother did not go with him. The writer used to go in an English school. So she could not help him in his studies.
iii) His third phase of relationship started when the writer joined the University and got a separate room. The common link of friendship between them was snapped. The grand mother accepted her seclusion with resignation. Now she was always busy telling the beads of her rosary and saying prayer. She used to feed the sparrows in the courtyard of her city house.

Q2. Mention three reasons why the grand mother was disturbed when he started going to city school?
Ans The grandmother was much disturbed when the writer started going to city school because-
i) The city school provided modern education . He was taught English, science principles and Geography in which she could not help.
ii) There were lessons in music also in his school. The grandmother believed that music was the monopoly of beggars and harlots.
iii) There was no education of religion and God.

Q3. Mention three ways in which the author's grandmother spent her days after he grew up?
Ans. i) She spent her time spinning on her wheel and reciting prayer.
ii) She used to feed the sparrows in the city house.
iii)She was always busy telling the beads of her rosary. Her lips constantly moved in an inaudible prayer.

Q4. Mention the odd ways in which the grandmother behaved just before she died?
Ans. When the writer returned home from abroad after five years, she behaved strangely.She did not speak to him. She was busy telling the beads of her rosary. In the evening  a change came over her.  She collected the women of her neighbourhood, got an old drum and started singing and dancing. They persuaded her to stop over-straining. But she would not listen to their request. It was first time she omitted prayer. She got ill due to over-straining and passed away.

Q5. Mention how the sparrows expressed their sorrow when the writer' grandmother died?
Ans. Sparrows had a great attachment with the grandmother because she used to feed them.When she died, thousands of them gathered round his corpse with no chirruping. They did not even notice the bread crumbs that the writer's mother had thrown to them. It seemed as if they had come there to pay tribute to their companion.

Q6. How can you say that the writer's grandmother was a religious lady?
 Ans The writer' grandmother was a religious lady. There are many activities that prove that she was a religious lady.
i) She used to go to  temple and read scriptures.
ii) Her lips moved constantly in an inaudible prayer.
iii) Her hands were busy telling the beads of her rosary.
iv) She used to feed the village dogs.
v) She used to feed sparrows in her city house.
vi) She was disturbed to know that there was no teaching of scriptures and god in the city school.


Writer' grand mother reading scriptures.

LESSON 2.

''We are not Afraid to Die -If We can All Die Together''

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q1. What steps were taken by the captain to protect the ship from rough weather?
Ans:-The captain started his journey to go round the world with his family. He started from Plymouth, England in his boat named Wavewalker which  had been professionally built to face the roughest weathers of the sea. The first leg of his voyage passed pleasantly as they sailed down the west coast of Africa to Cape Town. But before heading east, he hired two crewmen for help.
In order to face the enormous and dangerous waves of the Southern Indian Ocean, he dropped the storm jibs that slowed down the speed of the roaring waves. He also tied a heavy mooring rope across the front part of the boat and put on oilskins and life jackets. In this way he took precautions to protect his ship from storm.

Q2. What steps did he take to check flooding of water in the ship?
Ans. Suddenly, the boat struck with a rock breaking its base. The water started gushing in alarmingly. Both of the crewmen stated pumping water out of the boat madly. The captain put a canvas over the holes in the deck. The situation became very dangerous when the pumps started to block up with garbage. The electric pump also stopped working. Luckily there were spare pumps which worked. Thus the ship was saved from sinking.

Q3.- Describe the mental condition of the voyagers on 4 and 5 January.
Ans. The voyagers were in a horrible state. They had been continuously pumping water for 36 hours and were dead tired and hungry as they had eaten nothing for the last two days Still, they could not pump out the water as it was continuously gushing in.They could not set sail on the main mast as it could break the hull apart. So they hoisted the storm jib and headed for the nearby islands. But their respite was short lived .The weather deteriorated and by the dawn of January 5, their situation was again desperate. The captain's son Jon said," We are not afraid to die if we can all be together". These words aptly reflect their state of mind.

Q4. How does the story suggest that optimism helps to endure "the direst stress?" OR
   What message does the story convey?
Ans. The story conveys a deep moral message that optimism helps to endure direst stress. One should face the difficulties of life with cheerful heart and determination. Optimism acts as a catalytic for the tired minds. An optimistic person never loses courage and hope. He sees a silver lining in  dark clouds. The captain and his children show exemplary courage and optimism when their ship is near to sink in the deep sea and their end is very near. The ship was badly damaged but they did not lose hope and ultimately struggled to reach the' Isle Amsterdam'

Q5. What lessons do we learn from such hazardous experiences when we are face to face with death?
Ans-Our bitter experiences become our real asset if we take them optimistically. During difficulties our real character comes to light. We should not lose hope and face the challenges of life with cheerful heart and determination. Only weak and crippled minds bow before hardships while the bold and brave minds swallow the poison of obstacles happily and succeed in their mission.

Q6. Why do you think people take such adventurous expeditions in spite of the risks involved?
Ans. Adventurous loving people always play a risky game in hope to do something new and impossible. They climb on  the Everest, swim across the seas or reach the poles. They know that in such expeditions, they may lose their life. But they are afire with high hopes and determination and believe in their own might. They are full of self-confidence and optimism.

 POEM-                    A PHOTOGRAPH (ShIrley Toulson)


Comprehension-

Stanza 1.
                The cardboard shows me, how it was
              When the two girls cousins went paddling              
             Each one holding one of my mother's hands
           And she the big girl- some twelve years or so
         All three stood still to smile through their hair
                  At the uncle with the camera


Meanings-1 cardboard- here it means snapshot or photo
                 2 Paddling-  walking through water making a noise of splashing

Qi) How many girls were there in the photograph? Who were they?
Ans- There were three girls in the photograph. They were-the poet's mother and her two cousins-Betty and Dolly.
ii) What does the word cardboard denote in the poem?
Ans- Cardboard here means/denotes the snapshot or the photo.
iii)Who was the biggest and how old was she?
Ans The poet's mother was the biggest. She was about twelve years old.
iv) What does 'some' suggest?
Ans- 'Some' here means nearly or about.
v) Why were they smiling?
Ans. They were smiling casually for a snapshot.
vi) Where do you think were they standing?
Ans They were standing on a beach.
vii) Which word in the stanza suggests that they were standing motionless?
Ans-'Still'

STANZA 2

A sweet face,
My mother's, that was before I was born.
And the sea, which appears to have changed less,
Washed their terribly transient feet.
Some twenty-thirty- years later
She'd laugh at the snapshot.

Word-Meanings-
transient- short lived
snapshot- picture/photo taken by camera.
she'd-   she would

Q i) Whose face was sweet?
Ans- It was her mother's face.
ii) When was the snapshot taken?
Ans It was taken before the poetess was born.
iii) What has not changed over the years? What does it suggest to you?
Ans The sea has not changed over the years. It suggests the permanence of nature.
iv) What has been described as transient and why?
Ans The feet have been described as transient because human beings are mortal . Their life on this earth is very short.
v) Who would laugh at the snapshot? What does the laughter indicate?
Ans- The poet's mother would laugh at the snapshot to see how absurdly her parents dressed them for beach.

STANZA 3.

"See Betty
And Dolly,"she'd say,"and look how they
Dressed us for the beach." The sea holiday
was her past, mine is her laughter. Both wry
With the laboured ease of loss.

Word-meanings

beach- sea coast
wry- twisted and distorted with disappointment.

Qi) Who are Betty and Dolly?
Ans- They are cousin of the poet's mother.
ii) Explain-" The sea holiday was her past,mine her laughter"
Ans- The poet's mother is dead now. Her picnic for beach was her past now. And her laughter has become a thing of past for the poetess.
iii) What does the line " Both wry with the laboured ease of loss" mean?
Ans- The poetess has managed the loss of her mother with great difficulty. 
iv) What poetic device has been used in the last line?
Ans- Oxymoron.  Laboured and ease are two opposite words, still they explain the same thing -loss.
v) What does "both" refer to?
Ans "Both" refers to poet's mother remembering her past holiday on beach and the poet remembering her mother's laughter.

STANZA 4.

Now she's been dead nearly as many years
As that girl lived. And of this circumstance
There is nothing to say at all.
Its silence silences.

Qi) Who does that girl refer to?
Ans 'That girl' refer to the poetess' mother.
ii) How many years ago she died?
Ans She died nearly 12 years ago.
iii) What does 'this circumstance' mean?
Ans- It refers to the period after the mother's death.
iv) Explain-"Its silence silences".
Ans- The mother's death was a great loss for the poetess. Now she has nothing to say about the period after her death. The silence of the photograph silences the poetess.

SUMMARY OF THE POEM

The poem sums up the theme of permanence of  nature and transience of human life.  All the natural things seem to change less as compare to human beings. The life of living beings is very short whereas the things of nature or the things made by man have a permanent value. They keep their lustre for a long time. The poetess finds a photograph in which her mother was paddling on a sea-coast with her two cousins. All three were in a merry mood. This photograph was taken by her mother's uncle. All the three girls were smiling through their hair It was taken when the poetess was not born.This photograph makes the poetess sad and nostalgic. It reminds her of her mother who was no more in this world. Her death was a great loss for her. The silence of the photograph silences her. She says with sad and heavy heart  that the sea that washed their feet seems to change less.


The Laburnum Top by Ted Hughes

Summary of the poem

It is a short and beautiful poem written by Ted Hughes. It is written in blank verse. There are three stages in this poem. These are- 1. before the gold finch enters the tree. 2. The time when she is inside the  tree. 3. After she has launched away in the infinite. The laburnum top is quiet and still before the goldfinch comes. Its leaves are yellowing. But as the goldfinch enters its thickness ,the whole tree comes to life. It starts trembling with the chirruping of birds and rustling of leaves. The gold finch enters the tree as smooth and alert as a lizard. She feeds her young ones and comes out and sits on the end of a branch and then launches away in the sky and the tree becomes silent again. The poet says that the goldfinch is the engine of her family. She stokes it and a machine starts. Her movements are compared to a lizard.   Poet has used imagery of engine to bring out his point. 

Q1. What has the movement of the goldfinch compared to? What is the basis of this comparison?
Ans. The movement of the goldfinch has been compared to a lizard. Just as a lizard move carefully and then attacks it's victim suddenly, similarly a goldfinch enters the tree abruptly so that she may not be observed by some predator bird. 

2 Why has the image of engine been evoked by the poet? What purpose does it serve?

Ans. Just as an engine is the source of energy for a machine, similarly, the goldfinch is the engine for her family . She feeds her youngones and protects them.

Home Work for 11th & 12th students

A.. Prepare a project on Geographical and Historical survey of your village-(for 11th & 12th )
    Prepare a report on following points;-
1When did your village come into existence? Write a history of your village as you learn from your elders or from history books or magazines.
2.Who is supposed to be the founder of your village? Write various theories related to this.
3.What is the demographic status of your village?
4.What is population, sex ratio, status of women in your village? Collect data from census department.
5.What are the facilities provided in your village ? e.g. potable water , electricity, education,                    mode of conveyance, police station, CHC, PHC etc.{ health facilities}, Railways etc.
6. What is status of agriculture , industry or employment in your village?
 7. Main educational or religious  institutes in your village.
 8. Prominent families and personalities who contributed towards social and economic                               upliftment of the village             
  9. Which prominent festivals are celebrated in your village and how are they celebrated?
 10 Enlist some prominent players (national or international level) in your village? In                                  which game did they excel?
11. Name the heroes who played prominent role in national movement before and what is the status of their family at present.
12. The most prosperous family/ families  in your village.


Students are advised to paste pictures or photos supporting their report.

  B. Prepare the lesson " The Portrait of a Lady" with comprehension and textual questions .(for 11th)
C.  Prepare 4 lessons from Flamingo with comprehension and textual questions. (for 12th)
D. Letters in simple language ( for 11th &12th)

*****There is a ray of light after every dark tunnel. Be optimistic.**************

*********************************************************************************
       

The Rattrap (Selma Lagerlof) 28/04/20

Co-Vaccine is very effective against Corona virus. Take its dose and be safe. 

Use masks at workplace . Don't touch surfaces of objects. 

# Stay at Home, Stay Safe"

"India fights Corona "

Detail of the story "The Rattrap" by Selma Lagerlof -:

Main characters in the story-:

1. The peddler - He is the Rattrap seller ( चूहे दानी बेचने वाला). He is very poor. 

2.  The crofter-: He is an old man. He lives in a wayside cottage. He has a cow. He welcomes the peddler in his cottage.

3. Iron master -: He is a rich man. He is the owner of Ramsjo Ironworks. 

4. Edla Willmansson:-  She is ironmaster's daughter. She is gentle and kind to the peddler. 

5. Captain von Stahle-:  The ironmaster mistakes the peddler as his old friend Captain von Stahle. ( आयरन मास्टर गर्मी से पैडलर को अपना पुराना मित्र कैप्टेन वोन स्टेहल समझ लेता है।)

6 Elizabeth-:  She was ironmaster's wife. She had died. 

7. The blacksmith and his apprentice-: They work in ironmaster's forgery.

_________________&&&&________________

Examination type of Questions -: 

A) Multiple choice type Questions-; 

1.When did the peddler make small rattraps ?

Ans a) at odd moments b) everyday c) in the morning d) at night.

2. What material was used by the peddler to make rattraps?

Ans a) iron and wood b) only iron c) wire d) only wood.

3. Which one of the following statements is not true about the peddler?

a)  His business was not profitable.

b) He had to resort to both begging and petty thievery.

c) He purchased rattraps from the market and sold them.

d) He made the rattraps himself at odd moments.

4. Which one option is true about the physical appearance of  the  peddler/ tramp?

a) His clothes were in rags.

b) His cheeks were sunken.

c) Hunger gleamed in his eyes.

d) All of the above.

5. The peddler got the material for making rattraps from -----------

a)  the stores or big farms.

b) the market.

c) big farms.

d) the stores.

-----------------------------------------------------

1. The peddler's life was.........

a) very happy b) hectic c) joyous d) monotonous.

2. The peddler was suddenly struck by the idea about the world one day . What was it?

a) The world  was nothing but a dream.

b) The world was a stage.

c) The world was nothing but a big Rattrap.

d) None of these.

3. What temptations are offered by the world to the man?

a) riches and joy

b) shelter and food.

c) heat and clothing.

d) all of the above.

4. What is used as bait in the rattrap?

a) meat

b ) cheese

c) pork

d) both b &c .

5. The peddler was amused by the idea of the world being a big Rattrap because.......

a) the world had been very kind to him.

b) the world had never been kind to him.

c) both a & b

d) none of the above.

------++------------------------------------------

Q 1. Why was the peddler given to begging and petty thievery? ( पैडलर भीख और छोटी-छोटी चोरी का सहारा क्यों लेता था?)

Ans- a) Because his business was not profitable.

b) Because his business was profitable.

c) Because he had a habit of it.

d) None of the above.

2. Where did the peddler seek shelter one evening?

Ans- a) In a forge

b) In a big farm.

c) In a little cottage by the roadside.

d) None of the above.

3. What kind of hospitality did the peddler receive from the crofter?

Ans-: a) The crofter welcomed the peddler.

b) He gave him supper.

c) He played Mjolis with him.

d) All of the above.

Q4. Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler?

Ans- a) The crofter was a lonely person.

b) The crofter was without wife or chid.

c) both a& b

d) none of the above.

Q5. Where did the crofter work in his days of prosperity?

Ans- a) He worked on the land of Ramsjo iron  works.

  b) He worked in a creamery

c) both a& b.

d) None of the above.

Q6-. How much money did the crofter earn by selling the milk?

Ans- a) Three Kronors  b) Thirty cronors

c) Thirteen Kronors d) none of the above

    

Q7-. Did the peddler respect the confidence reposed in him?

Ans-: a) Yes, he did.

b) No, he did not.

Q8. The peddler stole the money from the crofter. What did he do then?

Ans-: a) He walked straight on high way.

b) He took his way through the forest.

c) He hid himself in a forge.

d) None of the above.

Q9-. Why did the ironmaster speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home?

Ans- a) He was moved to pity over his miserable condition.

b) He mistook the peddler for his regimental acquaintance.

c) Both a & b.

d) None of the above.

Q10. Why did the peddler decline the ironmaster's invitation to come to his home?

Ans. A) He was feeling embarrassed.

B) He had the crofter's stolen money in his pocket.

C) He feared of being caught .

D) All of the above.

Q11. Who was Edla Willmansson?

Ans:- a) Crofter's daughter.

b) Peddler's friend.

c) Ironmaster's daughter.

d) An old lady.

Q12. Edla's behaviour with the tramp was .....

A) Compassionate

B) Modest

C) Friendly

D) All of the above.

Q13. What doubts did Edla have about the peddler?

Ans. a) The peddler was a thief.

b) He had escaped from jail.

c) both a & b

d) None of the above.

Q14. When the ironmaster realised his mistake , how was his attitude to the peddler changed?

Ans-: a) He still shows sympathy for the peddler.

b) He at once orders him to get out of his house.

c) He rebukes him for pretending a captain.

d) He calls in the police and gets him arrested.

Q15. What gift was left by the peddler for Edla?

Ans:- a) A Rattrap

b) Thirty Kronor

c) A diamond ring.

d) A gold ring.

________________________

Q1. How was the peddler entertained by Edla in her house?

Ans-: a) As a captain.

b) As a tramp

c) As a friend.

d) as a stranger.

Q2. The peddler leaves a packet for Edla as a Christmas gift. What was in it?

Ans-: a) small rattrap

b) three wrinkled ten krona notes

c) a letter.

d) all of the above.

Q3. Krona is a currency of......

a) Britain

b) Japan

C) Sweden 

D) Burma 

Q4. What did the peddler sign at the end of the letter?

Ans-: a) Captain

b) Captain Von Stahle-

c) Peddler.

d) none of the above.

Q5. What did the old crofter do for a living?

Ans:- a) He worked in an ironmill.

b) He was owner of an iron mill.

c) He sold the milk of his cow to a creamery.

d) He worked on his farm.

____________________________________

Summary :-

The Rattrap brings out the idea that no one is evil by birth or by nature. Every one has goodness in his heart. An evil person can change to become a good one if he is treated in a nice way.  The Rattrap is a story of a peddler who goes round selling rattrap which he makes himself by using wires. His business in not much profitable. So he is given to petty thievery. He thinks evil about the world. One night he takes shelter in a wayside cottage . Its owner is an oldman who lives alone. He welcomes the peddler in his cottage. He provides him food. He plays and talks intimately with the peddler. But the peddler robs him of his thirty Kronor. He breaks his faith. After stealing the money the peddler takes his way through the forest so that he may not be caught. But he is lost in the mazy forest. He can not find a way to come out of the forest. He realises that he has been trapped in the rattrap of the world. Just then he hears the sounds of hammer strokes coming from an iron mill. He enters the forge to warm himself. After a short time the owner of the mill comes there. He mistakes the peddler for his old acquaintance  and asks him to accompany him to his home. But the peddler wants to stay there. The ironmaster returns to his home. He tells his daughter about his old companion. His  daughter goes to the mill. She requests the peddler in a very humble way. The peddler gets ready to accompany her. On reaching the ironmaster's home, the peddler is bathed. His beard is trimmed. He is given the ironmaster's clothes to wear. In broad daylight ,the ironmaster realises his mistake. The peddler is not his old acquaintance. The ironmaster scolds him. He calls him a cheater. He asks him to leave his home at once. But his daughter intervenes. She requests her father to let him stay with them on the Christmas Eve. She says that the peddler never posed to be their acquaintance. It was all due to mistake. Thus Edla helps the peddler. She treats him nicely. Next morning the father and his daughter go to the church for morning prayer. There they hear that a peddler robbed the crofter of his thirty Kronor. When the girl hears this she is embarrassed very much. She repents that she let a rouge stay in her home. But when she comes to her home, she is amazed. The stranger had left. He did not take any thing with him. On the other hand he had left a packet for Edla. In the packet, there was a rattrap and a letter and three notes of ten Kronor each. In the letter he had written," Since you have been so nice to me all day long, I also want to be nice to you in return. You can give back the money to the old man on roadside. The Rattrap is a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in this world's rattrap if he had not been treated as a captain." Thus the nice behaviour of the girl transformed a ragamuffin.

Q1.From where did the peddler get the idea of the world being a rattrap?

Answer

One day the peddler was thinking of his rattraps. Suddenly he was struck by an idea that the whole world with its lands and seas, its cities and villages was nothing but a big rattrap. It offered riches and joys, shelter and food as baits in the same manner as the rattrap offered cheese and pork. As soon as someone touches the bait, he finds himself in the trap.

Q2.Why was he amused by the idea?
Ans. The peddler was struck with the idea that the whole world with its riches and joys; with its lands and seas; its cities and villages was nothing but a big rattrap. This idea gave him much satisfaction. The world had never been kind to him so it gave him unwanted joy to think I'll of it.

Q3. Did the peddler expect the kind of hospitality that he received from the crofter?
Ans. No, he didn't expect the kind of hospitality that he received from the crofter. He was often scolded and chased away by the people. 

Q4.Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler?
Ans. The crofter was an old person who lived alone in his cottage. He was a very kind person. He welcomed the peddler thinking that he would have someone to talk in his loneliness. He played mjolis with him. He offered him food. He talked to him intimately.

Q5.Why did the crofter show pouch of thirty Kronor to the peddler?
Ans. The crofter told the peddler that he earned thirty Kronor by selling milk last month. The peddler seemed to be incredulous. So he showed him thirty Kronor to make him believe his story.

Q6. Did the peddler respect the confidence reposed in him?
Ans. The peddler was not a trustworthy fellow. The crofter offered him food and shelter. He talked to him very intimately. But the peddler shattered the faith reposed in him. He robbed the crofter of his thirty Kronor.

Q7.What made the peddler think that he had indeed fallen into a rattrap?

Ans. After stealing thirty Kronor from the crofter, the peddler took his way through the forest so that he might not be caught. But the forest was mazy. He could not find a way out of it. Then he realised that he had fallen into a rattrap.

Q8. Why did the ironmaster speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home?
Ans. The ironmaster mistook the peddler for his old acquaintance. He was moved to see his miserable condition. So he spoke to him kindly and invited him to his house.

Q9. Why did the peddler decline his invitation?
Ans. The peddler had thirty Kronor with him which he had stolen from the crofter. He feared that he would be caught by police. So he declined the ironmaster's invitation.

Q10.What made the peddler accept Edla Williamson's invitation?
Ans. Edla Williamson was a kind and gentle lady. She spoke in a very friendly way . The peddler could not decline her request.
Q11. When did the ironmaster realise his mistake? What did he do then?

Ans. The ironmaster realised his mistake when he saw the peddler next day in broad daylight. The peddler had been washed, his hair was cut, his beard was trimmed. He was not an acquaintance of the ironmaster. The ironmaster scolded him and called him a cheater. He asked him to leave his home at once.

Q12. What did the peddler say in his defence when it was clear that he was not the person the ironmaster had thought he was?
Ans. The peddler defended himself. He said that it was not his fault. He never posed to be a former captain and his acquaintance. He wanted to stay in the forge. But the ironmaster and his daughter Edla Williamson forced him to move in his home.

Q13. Why did Edla still entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him?
Ans. Edla Williamson was a generous lady. She came to know that the peddler was not an old acquaintance of her father. It was all a mistake due to darkness of night. She knew that the peddler never posed to be what he was not. She wanted to celebrate her Christmas with him. By serving him food on Christmas , she wanted to prove her charity and nobleness of heart.

Q14. What doubts did Edla have about the peddler?
Ans. The peddler looked very absurd in his rags. His looks and behaviour seemed doubtful. It appeared to Edla that he had stolen something or had escaped from jail. 

Q15. Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain von Stahle?
Ans. The peddler was entertained as a captain in the ironmaster's home. Edla addressed him as Captain all the time. It was in this role that his conscience was awakened and he escaped falling in world's rattrap. That's why he signed himself as Captain Von Stahle.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1.Write a brief character-sketch of the peddler. OR
     Who was the peddler? Why did he think that the whole world is a rattrap?
OR
The peddler comes out as a person with a great sense of humor. How does this serve in lightening the seriousness of the theme of the story and also endear him to us?

Ans. Consult the summary of the story.

How does the metaphor of rattrap serve to highlight the human predicament?

Ans. The metaphor of rattrap rightly serves to highlight the human predicament. The world is a big rattrap with all its riches and joys; food and shelter; heat and clothing. These worldly things serve as baits and dupe a noble man. These enticements serve same as pork and cheese serve to a rat. Just as the rat is entrapped as soon as he touches the pork or cheese similarly an honest and nobleman is entrapped in rattrap of the world. The peddler realises this when he finds no way out of the mazy forest. But Edla's nice behaviour serves as a medicine for his evilness and he escapes from falling in the rattrap of the world. His hidden nobleness comes to the brim.

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""Do not care what people say , only care what your conscience says"

""Always hear your inner voice - the voice of conscience because it is true"


"" I have seen strange unity in people to pull down the living persons and lifting the dead ones"

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                                             SAT FOR MAY 2018     M.M. 40 Time 1 h.
**Note -      All Questions are compulsory
Q1-8 1 Mark each
Q9-13 2 Marks each
Q14-17 3 Marks each
Q18-19  5 Marks each

Q1. Who is the writer of the lesson "The Rattrap"?
Q2. Who was Franz?
Q3. Which language was imposed in Alsace after the district was annexed by the German Forces?
Q4. Name the daughter of the iron master?
Q5. Which city is famous for making bangles?
Q6. Which pool was considered safe for swimming?
Q7. What is metaphor?
Q8. Who is Savita?                                              1*8= 8 marks
Q9. What changes were noticed by Franz in the school on that day?
10  What was Franz expected to learn on that day?
11. Why did the peddler decline the iron master's invitatation?
12.  How is Mukesh's attitudde different from his family?
13. What happened when the writer was 3 or 4 year old? (From Deep Water)
14. When did the ironmaster realise his mistake? what did he do then?
15. Mention the hazards of working in a glass blowing industry?
16. How did Douglas overcome his fear of water?
17. What happened when the church clock struck 12?
18. You are Harminder of 20 Tolstoy Marg, New Delhi. People in your area have been getting polluted water supply for sometime. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about it.
19. Write in brief the summary of the lesson 'The Rattrap'
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Deep The Lost Spring -The stories of stolen childhood (Anees Jung) by Anees Jung and The Deep Water by Williom Douglas

(Updated on 16/7/2021)

"Stay at Home Stay Safe" 
(updated on 20/4/2020)


Summary of the Lesson (The Lost Spring)

 Author- Anees Jung

(Detailed Analysis by Baljit Singh)

 Lost Spring brings out the plight(दुर्दशा) of the poor children especially those who live in slum like areas where they have no basic amenities (सुख सुविधाएं) such as schools , parks or playgrounds. Such children have to work in hotels or tea-stalls  to earn some money. Some even resort to ( सहारा ) ragpicking or something like that. The writer has explained three children and their family in a very vivid way . He is a ragpicker. His family lives in Seemapuri which is situated on the outskirts of Delhi. All the families in Seemapuri  migrated from Bangladesh in1971 when their green fields and homes were swept away in floods and storms . They pitched their tents in Seemapuri which was a wilderness at that time.Thousands of boys like Saheb live in Seemapuri. Rag picking is means of survival for them. Garbage is gold to them. They have dreams in their eyes but they remain unfulfilled. Similarly there is a poor boy. His name is Mukesh. He belongs to a family of bangle-maker. But he wants to do something different. He wants to become a motor mechanic. He doesn't dream big. He knows his limitations . Savita is also a poor girl . She also belongs to the family of bangle-maker. Her family works in dark and dingy rooms from morning to evening. Still  they don't get two squre of meals at the end of the day. Thus the story justifies it's title also. The childhood is the spring of one's life.  But this spring of poor boys has been snatched away by poverty or misfortune and the children live a pathetic life.

Short Answer Type Questions
Q1. Who is Saheb- e- Alam? Does Saheb know it's meaning?
Ans. Saheb-e-Alam is a poor rag picker.His name means the Lord of the Universe. He doesn't know what it means.

Q2 What is Saheb looking for in the dump of garbage? Where has he come from?
Ans. Saheb is looking for some valuable thing in the garbage such as a note, or a coin. He has come from Dhaka with his family and lives in Seemapuri.

Q3 Where is Seemapuri situated? Why does  the writer say that it is metaphorically miles away from Delhi?
Ans Seemapuri is situated at the outskirts of Delhi. It is metaphorically miles away from Delhi because it lacks the facilities as are provided in a capital city.

Q4. Is Saheb happy working on a tea-stall? Why?
Ans. Saheb finds a job on a tea-stall .He gets 800 rupees and all his meals. But he is not happy with his job. Now he has lost his freedom. He has to work as per instructions of his owner. The canister he bears on his back seems heavier than the garbage bag.

Q5. Mention the hazards of working in a glass blowing industry.

Ans. Working in a glass- blowing industry is very difficult and dangerous. The workers have to work in dark and dingy rooms from morning to evening. Still they don't get two squares of a meal. Their lives remain an untold story of pain and misery. There is no air or ventilation. Sometimes they lose their eyesight due to glass dust. Children lose their eyesight before they grow adults. They can not raise their voice against their exploitation. If they do so, they are dragged and beaten by the sahukaars. Thus working in a glass blowing industry is very hazardous.

Q6. What is Firozabad famous for?
Ans. Firozabad is famous for its glass-blowing industry. Every other family in Firozabad is engaged in the profession of bangle- making. Every yard or street or pushcart is filled with mounds of bangles of different colours - sunny gold, paddy green, violet , grey, royal blue or pink ; all the seven colours of a rainbow.
Q7.How is Mukesh's attitude diffrent from his family?

Or

Who was Mukesh? What was his aim of life?
Ans. Mukesh belongs to the family of bangle makers. All the members of his family are engaged in bangle making. No one of them thinks of doing different. But Mukesh wants to become a motor mechanic. He wants to break the traditional customs. Thus he is different from his family in his attitude.
Q8." Garbage is to them gold' What literary device has been used in this statement?
Ans. Metaphor.

        Unit Test from "The Lost Spring"

Q1. What does Saheb-e-Alam stand for?
Q2. Where does Saheb find a job? How much salary does he get?
Q3. Where is Seemapuri situated?
Q4. Which town is famaof for glass blowing industry?
Q5. Where does Savita work?
Q6- What is impact of glass blowing industry on the health of the workers?
Q7. What does Mukesh want to become?
Q8. Who exploit the bangle makers?
Q9. What is the occupation of the most families in Firozabad?
Q10. What is the complaint of the people working in the glass blowing industry?

Hints- 1. Lord of the universe
2. in a tea shop. 800 rupees3. at the outskirts of Delhi.4 .Firozabad 6 Lose eye sight .5 in a glass blowing industry.7. a motor mechanic 8. The sahukaars, politicians and police. 9 bangle making.10 They have  not get a two times meal a day in whole life. If they raise voice , they are harrassed.






Lesson Third

Deep Water (William Douglas)

Short Answer Type Questions:-

Q1. Why does the author call Yakima River as  treacherous?
Ans. Yakima River had swallowed many lives. Every day there was one or another incident of drowning . The writer's mother usually warned him against going near to it.. That's why Yakima is called as treacherous.

Q2. Why do you think YMCA pool as safe place for the novice swimmer?
Ans. YMCA pool was not very deep. It was only 2 or 3 feet deep at the shallow end while nine feet deep at the other end and the drop was gradual. It was a good place for a novice swimmer.

Q3. What happened when the writer was there or four year old?
Ans:- When the writer was three or four year old , an unpleasant thing happened. He went to California beach with his father where he was swept away by a strong wave. He was buried deep in water. He was out of breath . Although his father was nearby ,yet the terror seized him.

Q4. What misadventure happened at the YMCA pool? OR
Narrate briefly the writer's emotions and fears when he was thrown into the pool. What plan did he make to come to the surface?
Ans. The writer decided to learn swimming. He joined the YMCA pool. He got water wings. One day he was sitting alone at the edge of the pool. He was afraid of going into the water alone. He was waiting for others to come. Just then a strong boy of eighteen or nineteen years came there. He picked up the writer and tossed him into the pool. The writer was frightened. But he not out of his wits. He planned to hit the bottom with his legs and make a big jump to the surface . But his plan proved useless. He came up very slowly. Water filled in his lungs. He could not scream. He came on the surface for few seconds. He tried to grab something but he got only water. He started again towards the bottom of the pool. He grew panicky. He again tried to jump but in vain. At last he stopped all efforts. He relaxed. Luckily he was saved by someone. Thus the writer had a bitter experience at the YMCA pool.

Q5. How did the misadventure at the YMCA pool affect the writer?
Ans. The misadventure at the YMCA pool filled him with great panic. It affected him badly. However, he was able to walk back home, he felt very weak. He was trembling. He cried when he lay on his bed. He could not eat that night. For many days, terror gripped him body and soul. He became very abnormal.

Q6. Why was Douglas determined to get over his fear of water?
Ans. Douglas's fear of water spoiled all his joys of fishing,boating and swimming. So he was determined to get over his fear of water.

Q7. How did Douglas overcome his fear of water?    OR
How did the instructor build a swimmer out of Douglas?
Ans:- Douglas decided to get an instructor and learn to swim. The instructor was an experienced person.He used a new method to train the writer. He put a belt round the writer and a rope was attached to it. The rope went through a pulley which ran on an overhead cable. The writer went back and forth across the pool. He practised for many weeks. Slowly he gathered confidence. But his old fear returned to him when he was alone in water. Once he went to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire. He swam two miles across it. His old fear returned a little but soon he overcame it. On another occasion he went to Warm Lake and dived into it. He swam across to the other shore and back. He shouted with joy. He he had conquered his fear of water.



Summary of the story:-

Deep Water is the story of the author himself explaining how he became a perfect swimmer. He explains his experiences in a very vivid way . As a child ,he had a harrowing experience when he went to California beach with his father. He was swept away by a strong wave . He developed a sense of aversion and fear to water. But his determination, hard work and craze to learn swimming made him overcome all his fear of water. He ultimately became a famous swimmer.
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Objective type of Questions

1. Which river is called treacherous by the writer?

Ans- Yakima

2. What does YMCA stand for?

Ans- YMCA stands for Young Men's Christian Association

3. Which pool was safe?

Ans- YMCA pool was safe.

4. Why was YMCA safe?

Ans- YMCA pool was safe because it was two or three feet deep at the shallow end, and nine feet deep at the other end.

5. Why did the writer hate to walk naked in water?

Ans- The writer hated to walk naked in water because he had skinny legs.

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Q1. What aversion did the writer have?

Ans- Aversion to water.

Q2. When did the narrator develop aversion to water.

Ans - The writer developed an aversion to water when he was three or four years old.

Q3. Where did his father take him when the writer was three or four years old?

Ans- His father took him to the beach in California.

Q4. What happened at the beach?

Ans- A powerful wave of water knocked the writer down and swept over him.

Q5. What filled the writer with terror?

Ans- Overpowering force of water filled the writer with terror.

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Q1. What did the big boy do to the author?

Ans- He picked him up and tossed him into the deep end.

Q2. What is the author talking of when he says 'long way down'?

Ans-:  It means long way to the bottom of the pool.

Q3. What did the narrator see when he opened his eyes?

Ans-: He saw nothing but water.

Q4. "I summoned all my strength". What does "I" refer to?

Ans-: Here "I" refers to the author.

Q5. Who said," All we have to fear is fear itself"

Ans-: Roosevelt.

Q6-. "The will to live somehow grew in intensity." What does "will" here mean?

Ans- 'Will' here means desire or longing. (इच्छा)

Q7- fill in the blanks

 There is terror only in the ........of death.

Ans- a) risk b) fear c) danger d) coming.

__________________________________

Fill in the blanks selecting appropriate option

1. I got a pair of water....... and went to the pool. 

Ans-: a) cannon b) bottle c) wings d) fountain

Q2. There was terror in my heart at the ......... force of water.

Ans-: a) strong b) Overpowering c) moving d) increasing

Q3. I landed in a ------------- position.

Ans-: a) good b) standing c) sitting d) walking.

Q4.I opened my eyes and saw nothing but -----------

Ans- a) terror b) ice c) smoke d) water.

Q5. The next I remember I was lying on my --------- beside the pool , vomiting.

Ans-: a) back b) bottom c) stomach d) none of these

Q6-. For days, a -------------- was in my heart.

Ans-: a) pleasure b) sadness c) haunting fear d) chanting fear.

Q7-. I shook and cried when I ........ in my bed.

Ans-: a) sleep b) sat c) lie d) lay.

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Lay out plan for exam

Q1- unseen passage for comprehension -4marks
Q2- unseen passage for note making-        
 5 marks
Q3- grammar (narration,voice,modals,articals and tenses) 2 marks each=10 marks
Q4. Notice, advertisement,poster(any two each of 3 marks= 6marks
Q5. Report/ Paragraph (100-125 words) 5 marks.
Q6.Letter/ Application -5marks
Q7. Passage for comprehension from Flamingo -5 marks.
Q8. One essay type question from Flamingo - 5 marks
Q9. 5 short answer type questios from Flamingo- (2×5=10 Marks)
Q10. One paragraph for comprehension from poetry- 5 marks
Q11.Two questions from poetry- each of 3 marks-(3×2=6 marks)
Q12.One essay type question from Vistas - 5 marks.
Q13. Three questions from Vistas each of three marks-(3×3=9 marks)

Students are advised to focus on reading and understanding the text from the book and develop a habit of vast reading rather than mugging up the questions.

Students should develop sound vocabulary and their descriptive power.

Poets and Pancakes (Asokamitran)

Q1 What does the writer mean by 'the fiery misery' of those subjected to make-up?

Ans. In the make room of the Gemini Studio , there were large mirrors with mercury lights all around. The heat of these lights was terrible. The actors who went in the make up room had to bear the heat of these lights. The writer calls it 'the fiery misery'.

Q2. Who was the office boy? Why did he join the studio?
Ans. The office boy was a grown-up person. His duty was to make-up the actors who played the crowd. He had joined the studio to become a star or a screen writer. He also hoped to become a director or a lyric writer. But his hopes proved false and he was diappointed.

Poets and Pancakes (Asokamitran)

Q1 What does the writer mean by 'the fiery misery' of those subjected to make-up?

Ans. In the make-up room of the Gemini Studio , there were large mirrors with mercury lights all around. The heat of these lights was terrible. The actors who went in the make up room had to bear the heat of these lights. The writer calls it 'the fiery misery'.

Q2. Who was the office boy? Why did he join the studio?
Ans. The office boy was a grown-up person. His duty was to make-up the actors who played the crowd. He had joined the studio to become a star or a screen writer. He also hoped to become a director or a lyric writer. But his hopes proved false and he was diappointed.

Q3.Why did the author appear to be doing nothing at the studio?
Ans. The author was assigned the duty of cutting news from the news papers. He remained busy in this work. So he seemed doing nothing to all other workers.

Q4. Who was the boss of the Gemini Studio?
Ans. Mr. Vasan was the boss of the Gemini Studio.

Q5.Who was the English visitor to the studios? Why is his visit referred to as unexplained mystery?
Ans. He was Stephen Spender, the English poet. His speech to the audience remained totally unintelligible.He did not tell about himself. He did not tell why he had visited the studio. That is why his visit is reffered to as unexplained mystery.

Q6. What does 'The God that Failed' refer to?
Ans. It was the name of a book published by six eminent scholars. One of them was Stephen Spender. This book brought out the disillusionment of the writers with the wave of internatiinal communism.

Q7. Why and how was the Moral Rearmament Army welcomed at the Gemini Studio?
Ans. MRA( Moral Rearmament Army) in fact was a team of about two hundred artists from diffent nations . They visited the Gemini studios in Madras and performed two plays which entertained the artists in Gemini Studios. These plays left a deep impression on the Gemini family and other citizens of Madras. The setting of these plays impressed the artists in the Gemini Studios. There was always a Bare stage, a white background curtain and a tune played on the flute . These settings were followed by Gemini family in a number of plays later on.

Q8. Subbu is described as a many sided genius. List four of his abilities?
Ans. Subbu was a versatile person. He had the following qualities.
1.He had the ability to look cheerful all the time.
2.He was loyal to the boss.
3. He was an amazing actor.
4. He had a ready solution for all problems. He had a loving and charitable nature.

Q9. The author has used gentle humour to point out human foibles. Pick out instances from the lesson to explain it.
Ans. The author uses gentle humor and satire to point out human weaknesses and eccentricities. His humour is not bitter. It does not reduce or mortify any character. At first the author portrays the make-up department in a very interesting way. It is interesting that make-up material arrived in truck loads and a hierarchy was maintained in make up department. Then there is a humorous explaination of Subbu and the visit of MRA in the studio. Description of Stephen Spender is also very amusing. The author does not leave any space where humour is not created. The way legal advisor's career is ended is also very interesting. In brief we can say that Poets and Pancakes is a masterpiece of satirical humour.

Q10. Subbu was 'tailor-made for films'. How did he use his genius in various activities in the Gemini Studio?
Ans. Subbu was a versatile person. He was an amazing actor but he never aspired to lead role. Whatever role he played , he performed with full might and cofidence. He was very close to the boss. So other artists in the studio were envious to him. He looked very cheerful all the time. He had a solution for all problems. He was considered no. 2 in the studio. He was a good writer also. In fact he was a many sided genius. It can be said that he was tailor-made for films.

Note- tailor-made means suitable

Q11. Draw a character- sketch of Subbu.
Ans Subbu was a versatile character. He was a nice person. He was an amazing actor as well as a writer.  He never aspired for lead roles .But he played very effectively. He had joined the studio to become an actor or a script writer or a director or a lyric writer. But his hopes proved false. His entry in films was full of difficulties. He belonged to a Brahmin family. So soon he settled. He became no. two in the Gemini studio. He had the ability to look cheerful in every situation. He had a solution for every problem. He developed a sense of love with everyone who came across him. He was very amicable , charitable and improvident. His house had become a permanent resort for near and far relatives and acquaintances. Still he had enemies. It was because his demeanor resembled to a sycophant.

Letters in simple language

Letter Writing

You are Harminder of 20 Tolstoy Marg, New Delhi. People in your area have been getting polluted water supply for sometime. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about it.

20, Tolstoy Marg,
News Delhi.
Feb.9,2018

To
The Editor,
The Times of India,
New Delhi.

Subject:- Polluted water supply in our locality

Dear Sir,

I would like to draw your kind attention to the subject cited above. We have been getting polluted water for a long time in our area. It seems that something goes wrong in water supply tanks or pipe lines because we are getting stinking water which causes vomitting or diarrhea. People are falling ill and there is fear of epidemic in our area. So please look into the matter and oblige. I shall be very thankful to you.

With thanks and regards,

Yours truly,
Harminder.

2. Suppose you are Mahender Singh of 110, Friends Colony, Hisar. Write a letter to the SHO of your area complaining about poor law and order situation in your area. Invent all the necessary details.

110, Friends Colony,
Hisar.
Feb. 14, 2018

To
The SHO,
Friends Colony,
Hisar.

Subject:- Poor Law and Order situation

Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the subject cited above. We, the residents of Friends Colony, are facing a great problem these days. Everyday there is one or other incident of chain snatching, thievery, burglary or eve-teasing in our locality. Sometimes these incidents happen during day times also. The wrong-doers have no fear of police. They commit the crime and go scot-free. People suspect that police are hand in glove with the culprits. Please beef up security in our area so that the residents may live a peaceful and fearless life. I shall be very thankful to you.

With thanks and warm regards!

Mahender Singh
Friends Colony
Hisar.

3. Write a letter  to the SDO Electricity of your area complaining about frequuent breakdown of electricity in your colony . Sign yourself as Arun Kumar of 358, Bhasker Street, Bhagat Singh Colony, Jhajjar.

358, Bhasker Street,
Bhagat Singh Colony,
Jhajjar.
Feb.15,2018

To
The SDO UHBVN
Jhajjar.

Subject:- Frequent Breakdown of Electricity

Dear Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the subject cited above. We, the residents of Bhagat Singh Colony, are herried a lot these days because of frequent breakdown of electricity in our colony. Power supply is very irregular and sometimes we have to face many undeclared power cuts that cause a lot of inconvenience to the residents. The situation becomes even more gruesome in hot summer days when mercury shoots up alarmingly. As you know , sir, annual exams are also drawing near. So the students suffer a lot due to power cuts. We have complained many times earlier but the problem remains the same. I hope you will look into the matter and solve the problem.
Thanking you in anticipation!

Your sincerely,
Arun Kumar.

4. Write a letter of application for the job of a clerk in a school.

110,Friends Colony,
Jhajjar
Feb.17,2018

To
The Deputy Commissioner,
Jhajjar.
Subject:- Application for the post of a clerk

Sir,
I came to know from an advertisement published in 'The Times of India' that you need a clerk in your school. I offer myself as a suitable candidate for the same. I am an energetic young man . I graduated from MDU Rohtak  in Commerce in first division . I have an experience of three years working as an accountant in a reputed firm. I assure you that I shall perform the work given to me with integrity and devotion.
I hope you will give me a chance to serve you.
Thanking you in anticipation!

Yours Faithfully,
ABC.

My bio-data is enclosed herein.

5. Write a letter to Shyam Electronics, Nagori Gate, Hisar complaining about the colour television you purchased last month against a warranty of two years. Now you find that it is not functioning properly. Its volume keeps fluctuating. Pictures are also not clear. Sign yourself as Josheph of 110, Friends Colony, Hisar.

110,Friends Colony,
Hisar.
March 7, 2018

To
Shyam Electronics,
Nagori Gate,
Hisar.

Subject:- Compaint about colour T.V.

Dear Sir,
I purchased a colour T.V. from your shop vide cash memo no. 123/1 dated January 15,2018 under a warranty of two years. But I regret to inform you that it has stopped working properly now. Its volume keeps flactuating from time to time. Pictures are also not clear. There is something wrong in its picture tube. We showed it to a local mechanic but he could not detect the problem. I request you to replace the piece with a new one or send some expert mechanic to handle it as the piece is under warranty. I hope you will understand my problem and do the needful to maintain your reputation .

Thanking in anticipation!
Yours sincerely
Josheph.

6.You are Pulkit of 110, Friends colony, Hisar. The postman of your area does not behave properly with the people. He is irregular in his duties and throws letters here and there or hands over the letters to the children. Write a letter to the postmaster complaining against the postman.

110,Friends Colony,
Hisar.
March 7, 2018

To
The Postmaster,
General Post Office,
Hisar.

Subject:- Complaint against the Postman

Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the subject cited above. We, the residents of Friends Colony, are herried a lot due to the behaviour of the postman of our area. He is very irregular in his duties. He does not deliver the letters in time and at the proper address. He does not put letters in letter box. Often our important letters reach to us late. When we point it out to him, he speaks very rudely. He lacks manners. He even uses obscene language while talking to children. Please look into the matter and take proper steps against him.

Thanking in anticipation!

Yours faithfully,
Pulkit

7 Write a letter to the Manager, National Book Trust of India, New Delhi placing an order for books for your library. Sign yourself as Principal Govt. Sr. Sec. School, xyz.

Principal,
Govt. Sr. Sec. School,
xyz.
March7,2018

To
The Manager,
National Book Trust of India,
New Delhi.

Subject:- Order for books

Dear Sir,
Please supply the following  books for the library of our school on reasonable rates as soon as possible.

1. Flamingo - 20 copies
2. Vistas        : 20 copies
3. Hornbill    :30 copies
4.Snapshot    :30 copies
5. English
    Grammar    : 50 copies

Please send the quotations and bills also with the books. Payment will be made through Ac/payee check on delivery of books.

With thanks.
R.K Sareen.

8. Write an application to the Principal of your school requesting him to change the subject. Sign yourself as Karan/ Kareena of Govt. Senior Secondary School, Goria.

To
The Principal,
Govt. Senior Secondary School,
Goria, Jhajjar.

Subject:- Change of subject

Sir,
I beg to say that I am a student of 12th class of your school. I am a brilliant student. I am an arts student. I opted History, Geography and Political Science. But now I find that I am not very comfortable in pursuing History . It seems very confusing to learn so many dates. I want to opt Sanskrit in place of History. Please allow me to change the subject. I hope you will understand my genuine problem and oblige.

Thanking you in anticipation!

Yours sincerely,
Karan/ Kareena.
Class 12th Arts.
__________________________________________
9. Write a letter to a friend congratulating him on winning a lottery prize.
_________________________---__________

Examination Hall,
XYZ.
March 3, 2020
To
110, Friends Colony,
Jhajjar.

Dear Vinu,
How are you? I think you will be very happy. I have heard that you have won a big lottery prize of rupees ten lakh. I extend my heartiest congratulations to you on this joyous occasion. Now all your family will be happy and you might be planning to spend this big amount in a useful way. I hope you will spend the money on your education. I know that you were facing a hard time because of shortage of money as your parents are very poor . Now you will continue your higher studies . You will also spend some money in helping some poor students .

Waiting for a sweet get together with friends to memorize the occasion.

Your loving friend,
Sunny.
_______________________________--------____------
10 Write a letter to the General Manager of Haryana Roadways complaining against the rude behaviour of the conductor in a Roadways bus.
________;_________________________________
Examination Hall,
XYZ,
March 3, 2020.
To
The General Manager,
Haryana Roadways,
Depot. Jhajjar.

Subject- Complaint against Rude Behaviour                 of the Conductor
Dear Sir,
I am a commutter and travel from Kosli to Jhajjar and back in a Haryana Roadways bus no. HR-14R 8765 . I want to bring to your kind notice that the behaviour of Mr. Anil Kumar conductor is not proper with the common man. Often he talks in a foul language and insults the passengers. He misbehaves with the girls and young ladies. He has a support of some college going goon type of students. They occupy many seats and don't let any body sit there. They willingly leave some seats vacant and let some girls sit there so that they may tease them. The girls keep mum in order to avoid the hussle. If any one objects, she is mocked and harrassed. The passengers witness the whole event silently . If anyone raises the voice he is beaten harshly. So all the passengers are herried a lot but no one dares to complain against him. I hope you will look into the matter and take appropriate action against the wrong-doer.

Thanking you in anticipation!

Yours faithfully,
Pawan.
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11. Write an application to the Principal of your school requesting him to grant you two days sick .

           Sick Leave

To
The Principal
GSSS X.Y.Z.

Sir,
With due respect I beg to say that I am a student of your school. I read in tenth class. I am ill today . So I cannot come to school. Please grant me sick leave for two days.  I shall be very grateful to you for this act of kindness.

Yours faithfully,
Ankit
Roll no. 25
Class 10th